Previous: Bitwise Operations, Up: Numbers


5.5.2.15 Random Number Generation

Pseudo-random numbers are generated from a random state object, which can be created with seed->random-state. The state parameter to the various functions below is optional, it defaults to the state object in the *random-state* variable.

— Scheme Procedure: copy-random-state [state]
— C Function: scm_copy_random_state (state)

Return a copy of the random state state.

— Scheme Procedure: random n [state]
— C Function: scm_random (n, state)

Return a number in [0, n).

Accepts a positive integer or real n and returns a number of the same type between zero (inclusive) and n (exclusive). The values returned have a uniform distribution.

— Scheme Procedure: random:exp [state]
— C Function: scm_random_exp (state)

Return an inexact real in an exponential distribution with mean 1. For an exponential distribution with mean u use (* u (random:exp)).

— Scheme Procedure: random:hollow-sphere! vect [state]
— C Function: scm_random_hollow_sphere_x (vect, state)

Fills vect with inexact real random numbers the sum of whose squares is equal to 1.0. Thinking of vect as coordinates in space of dimension n = (vector-length vect), the coordinates are uniformly distributed over the surface of the unit n-sphere.

— Scheme Procedure: random:normal [state]
— C Function: scm_random_normal (state)

Return an inexact real in a normal distribution. The distribution used has mean 0 and standard deviation 1. For a normal distribution with mean m and standard deviation d use (+ m (* d (random:normal))).

— Scheme Procedure: random:normal-vector! vect [state]
— C Function: scm_random_normal_vector_x (vect, state)

Fills vect with inexact real random numbers that are independent and standard normally distributed (i.e., with mean 0 and variance 1).

— Scheme Procedure: random:solid-sphere! vect [state]
— C Function: scm_random_solid_sphere_x (vect, state)

Fills vect with inexact real random numbers the sum of whose squares is less than 1.0. Thinking of vect as coordinates in space of dimension n = (vector-length vect), the coordinates are uniformly distributed within the unit n-sphere.

— Scheme Procedure: random:uniform [state]
— C Function: scm_random_uniform (state)

Return a uniformly distributed inexact real random number in [0,1).

— Scheme Procedure: seed->random-state seed
— C Function: scm_seed_to_random_state (seed)

Return a new random state using seed.

— Variable: *random-state*

The global random state used by the above functions when the state parameter is not given.