Next: Argp Example 4, Previous: Argp Example 2, Up: Argp Examples
This program uses the same features as example 2, adding user options and arguments.
We now use the first four fields in argp (see Argp Parsers)
and specify parse_opt as the parser function. See Argp Parser Functions.
Note that in this example, main uses a structure to communicate
with the parse_opt function, a pointer to which it passes in the
input argument to argp_parse. See Argp. It is retrieved
by parse_opt through the input field in its state
argument. See Argp Parsing State. Of course, it's also possible to
use global variables instead, but using a structure like this is
somewhat more flexible and clean.
/* Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp */ /* This program uses the same features as example 2, and uses options and arguments. We now use the first four fields in ARGP, so here's a description of them: OPTIONS -- A pointer to a vector of struct argp_option (see below) PARSER -- A function to parse a single option, called by argp ARGS_DOC -- A string describing how the non-option arguments should look DOC -- A descriptive string about this program; if it contains a vertical tab character (\v), the part after it will be printed *following* the options The function PARSER takes the following arguments: KEY -- An integer specifying which option this is (taken from the KEY field in each struct argp_option), or a special key specifying something else; the only special keys we use here are ARGP_KEY_ARG, meaning a non-option argument, and ARGP_KEY_END, meaning that all arguments have been parsed ARG -- For an option KEY, the string value of its argument, or NULL if it has none STATE-- A pointer to a struct argp_state, containing various useful information about the parsing state; used here are the INPUT field, which reflects the INPUT argument to argp_parse, and the ARG_NUM field, which is the number of the current non-option argument being parsed It should return either 0, meaning success, ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN, meaning the given KEY wasn't recognized, or an errno value indicating some other error. Note that in this example, main uses a structure to communicate with the parse_opt function, a pointer to which it passes in the INPUT argument to argp_parse. Of course, it's also possible to use global variables instead, but this is somewhat more flexible. The OPTIONS field contains a pointer to a vector of struct argp_option's; that structure has the following fields (if you assign your option structures using array initialization like this example, unspecified fields will be defaulted to 0, and need not be specified): NAME -- The name of this option's long option (may be zero) KEY -- The KEY to pass to the PARSER function when parsing this option, *and* the name of this option's short option, if it is a printable ascii character ARG -- The name of this option's argument, if any FLAGS -- Flags describing this option; some of them are: OPTION_ARG_OPTIONAL -- The argument to this option is optional OPTION_ALIAS -- This option is an alias for the previous option OPTION_HIDDEN -- Don't show this option in --help output DOC -- A documentation string for this option, shown in --help output An options vector should be terminated by an option with all fields zero. */ #include <argp.h> const char *argp_program_version = "argp-ex3 1.0"; const char *argp_program_bug_address = "<bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>"; /* Program documentation. */ static char doc[] = "Argp example #3 -- a program with options and arguments using argp"; /* A description of the arguments we accept. */ static char args_doc[] = "ARG1 ARG2"; /* The options we understand. */ static struct argp_option options[] = { {"verbose", 'v', 0, 0, "Produce verbose output" }, {"quiet", 'q', 0, 0, "Don't produce any output" }, {"silent", 's', 0, OPTION_ALIAS }, {"output", 'o', "FILE", 0, "Output to FILE instead of standard output" }, { 0 } }; /* Used bymainto communicate withparse_opt. */ struct arguments { char *args[2]; /* arg1 & arg2 */ int silent, verbose; char *output_file; }; /* Parse a single option. */ static error_t parse_opt (int key, char *arg, struct argp_state *state) { /* Get the input argument fromargp_parse, which we know is a pointer to our arguments structure. */ struct arguments *arguments = state->input; switch (key) { case 'q': case 's': arguments->silent = 1; break; case 'v': arguments->verbose = 1; break; case 'o': arguments->output_file = arg; break; case ARGP_KEY_ARG: if (state->arg_num >= 2) /* Too many arguments. */ argp_usage (state); arguments->args[state->arg_num] = arg; break; case ARGP_KEY_END: if (state->arg_num < 2) /* Not enough arguments. */ argp_usage (state); break; default: return ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN; } return 0; } /* Our argp parser. */ static struct argp argp = { options, parse_opt, args_doc, doc }; int main (int argc, char **argv) { struct arguments arguments; /* Default values. */ arguments.silent = 0; arguments.verbose = 0; arguments.output_file = "-"; /* Parse our arguments; every option seen byparse_optwill be reflected inarguments. */ argp_parse (&argp, argc, argv, 0, 0, &arguments); printf ("ARG1 = %s\nARG2 = %s\nOUTPUT_FILE = %s\n" "VERBOSE = %s\nSILENT = %s\n", arguments.args[0], arguments.args[1], arguments.output_file, arguments.verbose ? "yes" : "no", arguments.silent ? "yes" : "no"); exit (0); }