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GNU Octave
Preface
- Acknowledgements
- How You Can Contribute to Octave
- Distribution
1 A Brief Introduction to Octave
- 1.1 Running Octave
- 1.2 Simple Examples
- 1.3 Conventions
2 Getting Started
- 2.1 Invoking Octave
  - 2.1.1 Command Line Options
  - 2.1.2 Startup Files
- 2.2 Quitting Octave
- 2.3 Commands for Getting Help
- 2.4 Command Line Editing
- 2.5 How Octave Reports Errors
- 2.6 Executable Octave Programs
- 2.7 Comments in Octave Programs
3 Data Types
- 3.1 Built-in Data Types
- 3.2 User-defined Data Types
- 3.3 Object Sizes
4 Numeric Data Types
- 4.1 Matrices
  - 4.1.1 Empty Matrices
- 4.2 Ranges
- 4.3 Logical Values
- 4.4 Predicates for Numeric Objects
5 Strings
- 5.1 Creating Strings
- 5.2 Searching and Replacing
- 5.3 String Conversions
- 5.4 Character Class Functions
6 Data Structures
7 Containers
- 7.1 Lists
- 7.2 Cell Arrays
8 I/O Streams
9 Variables
- 9.1 Global Variables
- 9.2 Persistent Variables
- 9.3 Status of Variables
- 9.4 Summary of Built-in Variables
- 9.5 Defaults from the Environment
10 Expressions
- 10.1 Index Expressions
- 10.2 Calling Functions
  - 10.2.1 Call by Value
  - 10.2.2 Recursion
- 10.3 Arithmetic Operators
- 10.4 Comparison Operators
- 10.5 Boolean Expressions
  - 10.5.1 Element-by-element Boolean Operators
  - 10.5.2 Short-circuit Boolean Operators
- 10.6 Assignment Expressions
- 10.7 Increment Operators
- 10.8 Operator Precedence
11 Evaluation
12 Statements
- 12.1 The if Statement
- 12.2 The switch Statement
- 12.3 The while Statement
- 12.4 The do-until Statement
- 12.5 The for Statement
  - 12.5.1 Looping Over Structure Elements
- 12.6 The break Statement
- 12.7 The continue Statement
- 12.8 The unwind_protect Statement
- 12.9 The try Statement
- 12.10 Continuation Lines
13 Functions and Script Files
- 13.1 Defining Functions
- 13.2 Multiple Return Values
- 13.3 Variable-length Argument Lists
- 13.4 Variable-length Return Lists
- 13.5 Returning From a Function
- 13.6 Function Files
- 13.7 Script Files
- 13.8 Dynamically Linked Functions
- 13.9 Function Handles and Inline
  - 13.9.1 Function Handles
  - 13.9.2 Inline Functions
- 13.10 Organization of Functions Distributed with Octave
14 Error Handling
15 Debugging
16 Input and Output
- 16.1 Basic Input and Output
- 16.2 C-Style I/O Functions
17 Plotting
- 17.1 Two-Dimensional Plotting
- 17.2 Specialized Two-Dimensional Plots
- 17.3 Three-Dimensional Plotting
- 17.4 Plot Annotations
- 17.5 Multiple Plots on One Page
- 17.6 Multiple Plot Windows
- 17.7 Low-Level plotting commands
- 17.8 Interaction with gnuplot
18 Matrix Manipulation
- 18.1 Finding Elements and Checking Conditions
- 18.2 Rearranging Matrices
- 18.3 Special Utility Matrices
- 18.4 Famous Matrices
19 Arithmetic
- 19.1 Utility Functions
- 19.2 Complex Arithmetic
- 19.3 Trigonometry
- 19.4 Sums and Products
- 19.5 Special Functions
- 19.6 Coordinate Transformations
- 19.7 Mathematical Constants
20 Linear Algebra
- 20.1 Basic Matrix Functions
- 20.2 Matrix Factorizations
- 20.3 Functions of a Matrix
21 Nonlinear Equations
22 Sparse Matrices
- 22.1 The Creation and Manipulation of Sparse Matrices
- 22.2 Graphs are their use with Sparse Matrices
- 22.3 Linear Algebra on Sparse Matrices
- 22.4 Iterative Techniques applied to sparse matrices
- 22.5 Using Sparse Matrices in Oct-files
- 22.6 Function Reference
23 Quadrature
- 23.1 Functions of One Variable
- 23.2 Orthogonal Collocation
24 Differential Equations
- 24.1 Ordinary Differential Equations
- 24.2 Differential-Algebraic Equations
25 Optimization
- 25.1 Linear Programming
- 25.2 Quadratic Programming
- 25.3 Nonlinear Programming
- 25.4 Linear Least Squares
26 Statistics
- 26.1 Basic Statistical Functions
- 26.2 Tests
- 26.3 Models
- 26.4 Distributions
27 Financial Functions
28 Sets
29 Polynomial Manipulations
30 Control Theory
- 30.1 System Data Structure
- 30.2 System Construction and Interface Functions
- 30.3 System display functions
- 30.4 Block Diagram Manipulations
- 30.5 Numerical Functions
- 30.6 System Analysis-Properties
- 30.7 System Analysis-Time Domain
- 30.8 System Analysis-Frequency Domain
- 30.9 Controller Design
- 30.10 Miscellaneous Functions (Not yet properly filed/documented)
31 Signal Processing
32 Image Processing
33 Audio Processing
34 Quaternions
35 System Utilities
- 35.1 Timing Utilities
- 35.2 Filesystem Utilities
- 35.3 Controlling Subprocesses
- 35.4 Process, Group, and User IDs
- 35.5 Environment Variables
- 35.6 Current Working Directory
- 35.7 Password Database Functions
- 35.8 Group Database Functions
- 35.9 System Information
Appendix A Test and Demo Functions
- A.1 Test Functions
- A.2 Demonstration Functions
Appendix B Tips and Standards
- B.1 Writing Clean Octave Programs
- B.2 Tips for Making Code Run Faster.
- B.3 Tips for Documentation Strings
- B.4 Tips on Writing Comments
- B.5 Conventional Headers for Octave Functions
Appendix C Known Causes of Trouble
- C.1 Actual Bugs We Haven't Fixed Yet
- C.2 Reporting Bugs
- C.3 Have You Found a Bug?
- C.4 Where to Report Bugs
- C.5 How to Report Bugs
- C.6 Sending Patches for Octave
- C.7 How To Get Help with Octave
Appendix D Installing Octave
- D.1 Installation Problems
Appendix E Emacs Octave Support
- E.1 Installing EOS
- E.2 Using Octave Mode
- E.3 Running Octave From Within Emacs
- E.4 Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave
Appendix F Grammar
- F.1 Keywords
Appendix G GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
- Preamble
- Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
Concept Index
Variable Index
Function Index
Operator Index

GNU Octave

This manual documents how to run, install and port GNU Octave, as well as its new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs. It corresponds to GNU Octave version 2.1.x.

Table of Contents

GNU Octave