Berbagai Lisensi dan Komentarnya
[
ENGLISH
]
---
Bahasa [
Ceko
| Indonesia
| Inggris
| Italia
| Jepang
| Perancis
| Polandia
| Portugis
| Rusia
]
Daftar Isi
Kami mengklasifikasi suatu lisensi berdasarkan pertanyaan kunci berikut ini:
- Apakah layak dikategorikan sebagai lisensi
perangkat lunak bebas.
- Apakah merupakan lisensi
copyleft.
- Apakah kompatibel dengan
GNU GPL
(Ini berarti anda dapat menggabungkan sebuah modul yang
diluncurkan dengan lisensi tersebut dengan modul GPL lainnya
untuk membuat sebuah program yang lebih besar).
- Apakah dapat menimbulkan suatu masalah praktis.
Jika anda memerlukan bantuan dalam memilih, atau mempertimbangkan,
atau mempunyai pertanyaan perihal lisensi, silakan tujukan email
kepada kami di
<licensing@gnu.org>.
Di samping itu, jika anda merasa menemukan pelanggaran dari salah satu
lisensi copyleft kami, tolong merujuk ke
halaman pelanggaran lisensi
kami.
Yang berikut ini layak disebut lisensi
perangkat lunak bebas,
serta kompatibel dengan
GNU GPL:
- The GNU General Public License
(Lisensi Publik Umum GNU), yang biasa disingkat GNU GPL.
- Ini merupakan lisensi perangkat lunak bebas, serta lisensi
copyleft. Kami menyarankan ini untuk kebanyakan
paket perangkat lunak.
- The GNU Lesser General
Public License (Lisensi Kurang Publik Umum GNU),
yang biasa disingkat GNU LGPL.
- Ini merupakan lisensi perangkat lunak bebas, namun bukan lisensi
copyleft yang kuat, karena memperbolehkan link dengan
dengan modul tidak bebas. Lisensi ini kompatibel dengan GNU GPL.
Kami menyarankan lisensi ini
hanya untuk keadaan khusus.
Antara versi 2 dan 2.1, nama GNU LGPL berubah dari
GNU Library General Public License menjadi
GNU Lesser General Public License
agar lebih mencerminkan tujuannya.
Lisensi ini tidak hanya untuk library, serta
GNU GPL
terkadang lebih cocok untuk library.
- Lisensi Guile.
- Berisikan GNU GPL ditambah pernyataan khusus memberikan izin untuk
link dengan non-free software. Hasilnya, ini bukanlah copyleft kuat,
namun kompatibel dengan GNU GPL. Kami menyarankan ini hanya untuk
keadaan khusus--kurang lebih keadaan yang sama yang Anda mungkin
mempertimbangkan untuk menggunakan
LGPL.
- Lisensi untuk unit run-time dari kompilator GNU Ada.
- Kurang lebih sama dengan Guile.
- Lisensi
X11.
- Ini merupakan lisensi perangkat lunak bebas non-copyleft
sederhana dan permisif, kompatibel dengan GNU GPL. XFree86
menggunakan lisensi ini.
- Lisensi
Expat.
- Ini merupakan lisensi perangkat lunak bebas non-copyleft
sederhana dan permisif, kompatibel dengan GNU GPL. Terkadang secara
ambigu dianggap sebagai Lisensi MIT.
----- Masih dalam pengerjaan -----
Underconstruction -----
- Standard
ML of New Jersey Copyright License.
- This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license,
compatible with the GNU GPL.
- Public Domain.
- Being in the public domain is not a license--rather, it means the
material is not copyrighted and no license is needed. Practically
speaking, though, if a work is in the public domain, it might as well
have an all-permissive non-copyleft free software license. Public
domain status is compatible with the GNU GPL.
- The Cryptix General License.
- This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license,
compatible with the GNU GPL. It is very similar to the X11 license.
- The modified
BSD license.
- (Note: on the preceding link, the modified BSD license is
listed in the "General" section.)
This is the original BSD license, modified by removal of the
advertising clause. It is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free
software license, compatible with the GNU GPL.
If you want a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license,
the modified BSD license is a reasonable choice. However, it is risky
to recommend use of ``the BSD license'', because confusion could
easily occur and lead to use of the flawed original BSD license. To avoid this
risk, you can suggest the X11 license instead. The X11 license and
the revised BSD license are more or less equivalent.
- The
license of ZLib.
- This is a free software license, and compatible with the GPL.
- The license of the iMatix Standard Function Library.
- This is a free software license and is GPL compatible.
- The
W3C Software Notice and License.
- This is a free software license and is GPL compatible.
- The Berkeley Database
License (aka the Sleepycat Software Product License).
- This is a free software license and is compatible with the GNU GPL.
- The OpenLDAP License, Version 2.7.
- This is a permissive non-copyleft free software license that is
compatible with the GNU GPL.
- The License of
Python 1.6a2 and earlier versions.
- This is a free software license and is compatible with the GNU
GPL. Please note, however, that newer versions of Python are under
other licenses (see below).
- The License of
Python 2.0.1, 2.1.1, and newer versions.
- This is a free software license and is compatible with the GNU GPL.
Please note, however, that intermediate versions of Python (1.6b1, through
2.0 and 2.1) are under a different license (see
below).
- The license of Perl.
- This license is the disjunction of the Artistic License
and the GNU GPL--in other words, you can
choose either of those two licenses. It qualifies as a free software
license, but it may not be a real copyleft. It is compatible with the GNU GPL because the GNU GPL is one of the
alternatives.
We recommend you use this license for any Perl 4 or Perl 5 package you
write, to promote coherence and uniformity in Perl programming. Outside
of Perl, we urge you not to use this license; it is better to use just the
GNU GPL.
- The
Clarified Artistic License.
- This license is a free software license, compatible with the GPL. It
is the minimal set of changes needed to correct the vagueness of the Original Artistic License.
- The Artistic License, 2.0.
- This license is a free software license, compatible with the GPL. It
is not in use yet to our knowledge; this license is being considered for
use in Perl 6 as part of a disjunctive dual licensing scheme.
If you are thinking of releasing a program under Original Artistic License, please write to <licensing@gnu.org> to ask for a
copy of this revised version instead. However, please do investigate
other GPL-compatible, Free Software licensing options listed here first.
- The Zope Public License version 2.0.
- This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license
which is compatible with the GNU GPL.
- The
Intel Open Source License (as published by OSI)
-
This is a Free Software license, compatible with the GNU GPL.
- The license of Netscape Javascript.
- This is the disjunction of the Netscape Public
License and the GNU GPL. Because of
that, it is a free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL, but not a
strong copyleft.
This disjunctive license is a good choice if you want to make your package
GPL-compatible and MPL-compatible. However you can also accomplish that by
using the LGPL or the Guile license.
Such a disjunctive license might be a good choice if you have been using the
MPL, and want to change to a GPL-compatible license without subtracting any
permission you have given for previous versions.
The following licenses are
free software licenses, but are not
compatible with the GNU GPL:
- The Arphic Public License.
- This is a copyleft free software license, incompatible with the
GPL. Its normal use is for fonts, and in that use, the
incompatibility does not cause a problem.
- The original BSD
license.
- (Note: on the preceding link, the original BSD license is
listed in the "UCB/LBL" section.)
This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license with a
serious flaw: the ``obnoxious BSD advertising clause''. The flaw is not
fatal; that is, it does not render the software non-free. But it does cause
practical problems, including
incompatibility with the GNU GPL.
We urge you not to use the original BSD license for software you
write. If you want to use a simple, permissive non-copyleft free
software license, it is much better to use the
modified BSD license or the X11 license. However, there is no
reason not to use programs that have been released under the original
BSD license.
- The Apache License,
Version 1.0.
- This is a simple, permissive non-copyleft free software license with practical problems like those of the
original BSD license, including incompatibility with the GNU GPL.
- The Apache License,
Version 1.1.
- This is a permissive non-copyleft free software license with a few
requirements that render it incompatible with the GNU GPL.
We urge you not to use the Apache licenses for software you write.
However, there is no reason to avoid running programs that have been
released under this license, such as Apache.
- The Zope Public License version 1.
- This is a simple, fairly permissive non-copyleft free software license
with practical problems like those of the
original BSD license, including incompatibility with the GNU GPL.
We urge you not to use the ZPL version 1 for software you write.
However, there is no reason to avoid running programs that have been
released under this license, such as previous versions of Zope.
The latest version of Zope is available under a GPL-compatible license.
- The
license of
xinetd
- This is a copyleft free software license, incompatible with the GPL.
It is incompatible because it places extra restrictions on redistribution
of modified versions that contradict the redistribution requirements in
the GPL.
- The
License of Python 1.6b1 and later versions, through 2.0 and 2.1.
- This is a free software license but is incompatible with the GNU GPL.
The primary incompatibility is that this Python license is governed by the
laws of the State of Virginia, in the USA, and the GPL does not permit
this.
- The old OpenLDAP License, Version 2.3.
- This is a permissive non-copyleft free software license with a few
requirements (in sections 4 and 5) that render it incompatible with
the GNU GPL. Note that the latest version of OpenLDAP has a different license that is compatible with
the GNU GPL.
We urge you not to use the older OpenLDAP license for software you
write. However, there is no reason to avoid running programs that
have been released under this license.
- The license of
Vim
, Version 5.7
- This is a free software license, partially copyleft but not
really, and incompatible with the GPL. It is incompatible with the
GPL because of the requirement to send a copy to the original
maintainer if he asks for one, which is a requirement not in the GPL.
- IBM
Public License, Version 1.0
- This is a free software license but it is incompatible with the GPL.
The IBM Public License is incompatible with the GPL because it has
various specific requirements that are not in the GPL.
For example, it requires certain patent licenses be given that the
GPL does not require. (We don't think those patent license
requirements are inherently a bad idea, but nonetheless they are
incompatible with the GNU GPL.)
- Common Public License Version 0.5
- This is a free software license but it is incompatible with the GPL.
The Common Public License is incompatible with the GPL because it has
various specific requirements that are not in the GPL.
For example, it requires certain patent licenses be given that the
GPL does not require. (We don't think those patent license
requirements are inherently a bad idea, but nonetheless they are
incompatible with the GNU GPL.)
- The Phorum License, Version 1.2
- This is a free software license but it is incompatible with the GPL. For example, the terms in section
3 and 4 make the license incompatible with the GPL.
- The LaTeX Project Public License.
- This license is an incomplete statement of the distribution terms for
LaTeX. As far as it goes, it is a free software license, but incompatible
with the GPL because it has many
requirements that are not in the GPL.
This license contains complex and annoying restrictions on how to
publish a modified version, including one requirement that falls just
barely on the good side of the line of what is acceptable: that any
modified file must have a new name.
The reason this requirement is acceptable for LaTeX is that LaTeX has
a facility to allow you to map file names, to specify ``use file bar
when file foo is requested''. With this facility, the requirement is
merely annoying; without the facility, the same requirement would be a
serious obstacle, and we would have to conclude it makes the program
non-free.
The LPPL says that some files, in certain versions of LaTeX, may have
additional restrictions, which could render them non-free. For this
reason, it may take some careful checking to produce a version of
LaTeX that is free software.
The LPPL makes the controversial claim that simply having files on a
machine where a few other people could log in and access them in
itself constitutes distribution. We believe courts would not uphold
this claim, but it is not good for people to start making the claim.
Please do not use this license for any other project.
Note: These comments are based on version 1.2 (3 Sep 1999) of the LPPL.
- The Mozilla
Public License (MPL).
- This is a free software license which is not a strong copyleft; unlike
the X11 license, it has some complex restrictions
that make it incompatible with the GNU GPL.
That is, a module covered by the GPL and a module covered by the MPL cannot
legally be linked together. We urge you not to use the MPL for this
reason.
However, MPL 1.1 has a provision (section 13) that allows a program
(or parts of it) to offer a choice of another license as well. If
part of a program allows the GNU GPL as an alternate choice, or any
other GPL-compatible license as an alternate choice, that part of the
program has a GPL-compatible license.
- The Netizen
Open Source License (NOSL), Version 1.0.
- This is a free software license that is essentially the same as the
Mozilla Public License, Version 1.1. Like the MPL, the NOSL has some
complex restrictions that make it incompatible with the GNU GPL. That is, a
module covered by the GPL and a module covered by the NOSL cannot legally be
linked together. We urge you not to use the NOSL for this reason.
- The Interbase Public License, Version 1.0.
- This is a free software license that is essentially the same as
the Mozilla Public License, Version 1.1. Like the MPL, the IPL has
some complex restrictions that make it incompatible with the GNU GPL.
That is, a module covered by the GPL and a module covered by the IPL
cannot legally be linked together. We urge you not to use the IPL for
this reason.
- The Sun Public
License.
- This is essentially the same as the Mozilla Public License: a free
software license incompatible with the GNU GPL. Please do not confuse this
with the Sun Community Source
License which is not a free software license.
- The Nokia Open Source License.
- This is similar to the Mozilla Public License: a free
software license incompatible with the GNU GPL.
- The
Netscape Public License (NPL)
- This is a free software license, not a strong copyleft, and incompatible
with the GNU GPL. It consists of the Mozilla Public License with an added
clause that permits Netscape to use your added code even in their
proprietary versions of the program. Of course, they do not give
you permission to use their code in the analogous way. We
urge you not to use the NPL.
- The Jabber Open Source License, Version 1.0
- The license is a free software license, incompatible with the GPL.
It permits relicensing under a certain class of licenses, those which
include all the requirements of the Jabber license. The GPL is not a
member of that class, so the Jabber license does not permit
relicensing under the GPL. Therefore, it is not compatible.
- The Sun Industry Standards Source License 1.0
- This is a free software license, not a strong copyleft, which is
incompatible with the GNU GPL because of details rather than any
major policy.
- The
Q Public License (QPL), Version 1.0.
- This is a non-copyleft free software license which is incompatible with
the GNU GPL. It also causes major practical inconvenience, because modified
sources can only be distributed as patches.
We recommend that you avoid using the QPL for anything that you write,
and use QPL-covered software packages only when absolutely necessary.
However, this avoidance no longer applies to Qt itself, since Qt is
now also released under the GNU GPL.
Since the QPL is incompatible with the GNU GPL, you cannot take a
GPL-covered program and QPL-covered program and link them together, no
matter how.
However, if you have written a program that uses QPL-covered library
(called FOO), and you want to release your program under the GNU GPL,
you can easily do that. You can resolve the conflict for your
program by adding a notice like this to it:
As a special exception, you have permission to link this program
with the FOO library and distribute executables, as long as you
follow the requirements of the GNU GPL in regard to all of the
software in the executable aside from FOO.
You can do this, legally, if you are the copyright holder for the
program. Add it in the source files, after the notice that says
the program is covered by the GNU GPL.
- The FreeType license
- The FreeType license is a non-copyleft free software license which
is incompatible with the GPL for technical reasons.
- The PHP License, Version
2.02.
- This license is used by most of PHP4, but one important part of
PHP4, the Zend optimizer, uses a different and worse license: the QPL.
This is a non-copyleft free software license with practical problems like those of the original BSD license, including incompatibility with
the GNU GPL.
PHP3 is not under this license. PHP3 is disjunctively dual-licensed with
the GNU GPL. Thus, while PHP4 (which is covered only by
the PHP 2.02 License) is still free
software, we encourage you to use and make improvements to only PHP3.
That way, we can have an active version of PHP whose license is compatible
with the GPL. If you are interested in helping maintain an active version
of PHP3, please contact the GNU Volunteer
Coordinators <gvc@gnu.org>.
The following licenses do not qualify as
free software licenses.
A non-free license is automatically incompatible with
the GNU GPL.
Of course, we urge you to avoid using non-free software licenses, and to
avoid non-free software in general.
There is no way we could list all the known non-free software licenses
here; after all, every proprietary software company has their own. We
focus here on licenses that are often mistaken for free software licenses
but are, in fact, not free software licenses.
We have provided links to these packages when we can do so without
violating our general policy: that we do not make links to sites that
promote, encourage or facilitate the use of non-free software
packages. The last thing we want to do is give any non-free program
some gratis publicity that might encourage more people to use it. For
the same reason, we have avoided naming the programs for which a
license is used, unless we think that for specific reasons it won't
backfire.
- The (Original) Artistic
License.
- We cannot say that this is a free software license because it is too
vague; some passages are too clever for their own good, and their meaning is
not clear. We urge you to avoid using it, except as part of the disjunctive license of Perl.
The problems are matters of wording, not substance. There is a revised
version of the Artistic License (dubbed "The Artistic License 2.0") which
is a free software license, and even compatible with the GNU GPL. This
license is being considered for use in Perl 6. If you are thinking of
releasing a program under the Artistic License, please write to licensing@gnu.org to ask for a copy of
this revised version instead. However, please do investigate other
GPL-compatible, Free Software licensing options listed here first.
- The Apple Public Source License (APSL).
- This is not a free software
license. Please don't use this license, and we urge you to avoid
any software that has been released under it.
Further discussion on why the APSL is not a
free software license is available.
- The Sun Community Source
License.
- This is not a free software license; it lacks essential freedoms such as
publication of modified versions. Please don't use this license, and we
urge you to avoid any software that has been released under it.
- The Plan 9 License
- This is not a free software license; it lacks essential freedoms such as
the right to make and use private changes. Please don't use this license,
and we urge you to avoid any software that has been released under it. A detailed discussion of this license is
also available.
- Open
Public License
- This is not a free software license, because it requires sending
every published modified version to a specific initial developer.
There are also some other words in this license whose meaning we're
not sure of that might also be problematic.
There is another
site for the Open Public License. We are not sure which copy is
the canonical one; these two differ only in a minor way that doesn't
change our evaluation of the license.
- The Sun Solaris Source Code (Foundation Release) License, Version 1.1
- This is not a free software license. The license prohibits
redistribution, prohibits commercial use of the software, and can be
revoked.
- The YaST License
- This is not a free software license. The license prohibits
distribution for a fee, and that makes it impossible for the software
to be included in the many CD-ROM free software collections that are
sold by companies and by organizations such as the FSF.
There may be another problem in section 2a, but a word seems to be
missing there, so it is hard to be sure what meaning is really
intended.
- Daniel Bernstein's licenses
- These licenses are not free software licenses because they
do not permit publication of modified versions.
- The "Aladdin Free Public License"
- Despite its name, this is not a free software license;
it is far too restrictive.
- The Scilab license
- This is not a free software license because it does not
allow commercial distribution of a modified version.
The following licenses do qualify as free documentation licenses:
- The GNU Free Documentation License.
- This is a license intended for use on copylefted free documentation. We
plan to adopt it for all GNU manuals.
- The
FreeBSD Documentation License
- This is a permissive non-copyleft Free Documentation license that is
compatible with the GNU FDL.
- The
Apple's Common Documentation License, Version 1.0
- This is a Free Documentation license that is incompatible with the GNU
FDL. It is incompatible because Section (2c) says "You add no other terms
or conditions to those of this License", and the GNU FDL has additional
terms not accounted for in the Common Documentation License.
- Open Publication License,
Version 1.0.
- This license can be used as a free documentation
license. It is a copyleft free documentation license
provided the copyright holder does not exercise any of the
"LICENSE OPTIONS" listed in Section VI of the license. But if either of the
options is invoked, the license becomes non-free.
This creates a practical pitfall in using or recommending this
license: if you recommend ``Use the Open Publication License, Version
1.0 but don't enable the options'', it would be easy for the second
half of that recommendation to get forgotten; someone might use the
license with the options, making a manual non-free, and yet think he
is following your advice.
Likewise, if you use this license without either of the options to make your
manual free, someone else might decide to imitate you, then change his mind
about the options thinking that that is just a detail; the result would be
that his manual is non-free.
Thus, while manuals published under this license do qualify as free
documentation if neither license option was used, it is better to use the
GNU Free Documentation License and avoid the risk of leading someone else
astray.
Please note that this license is not the same as the Open
Content License. These two licenses are frequently confused, as the
Open Content License is often referred to as the "OPL". For clarity, it is
better not to use the abbreviation ``OPL'' for either license. It is worth
spelling their names in full to make sure people understand what you say.
The following licenses do not qualify
as free documentation licenses:
- The
Open
Content License, Version 1.0.
- This license does not qualify as free, because there are restrictions on
charging money for copies. We recommend you not use this license.
Please note that this license is not the same as the Open
Publication License. The practice of abbreviating ``Open Content
License'' as ``OPL'' leads to confusion between them. For clarity, it is
better not to use the abbreviation ``OPL'' for either license. It is worth
spelling their names in full to make sure people understand what you say.
- The Open Directory License (aka
The dmoz.org License).
- This is not a free documentation license. The primary problems are that
your right to redistribute any given version is not permanent and that it
requires the user to keep checking back at that site, which is too
restrictive of the user's freedom.
- The Design Science License
- This is a free and copyleft license meant for general data, not
particularly for software.
Note, though, that the GNU GPL can be used for
general data which is not software, as long as one can determine what
the definition of "source code" refers to in the particular case. As
it turns out, the DSL also requires that you determine what the
"source code" is, using approximately the same definition that the GPL
uses.
[
ENGLISH
]
---
Bahasa [
Ceko
| Indonesia
| Inggris
| Italia
| Jepang
| Perancis
| Polandia
| Portugis
| Rusia
]
Kembali ke halaman utama GNU.
Halaman ini dikelola oleh
Kelompok
Kerja Penterjemah Web Proyek GNU. Jika anda berminat
untuk menjadi relawan penterjemah, atau ingin memberikan
masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu
lebih lanjut, silakan
mengunjungi
laman tersebut.
Silakan mengirimkan pertanyaan dan komentar khusus
(berbahasa Inggris) perihal halaman ini ke
licensing@gnu.org.
Silakan mengirimkan permintaan & pertanyaan
(berbahasa Inggris) perihal
FSF & GNU ke
gnu@gnu.org.
Terdapat berbagai cara lain untuk
menghubungi FSF.
Silakan mengirimkan komentar (berbahasa Inggris) terhadap halaman-halaman
ini ke
webmasters@gnu.org.
Kirimkan pertanyaan lainnya ke
gnu@gnu.org.
Copyright (C)
1999, 2000, 2001, 2002
(Hak Cipta) Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved
-- diizinkan untuk melakukan penyalinan utuh serta mendistribusikan seluruh
berkas pada segala macam media, dengan ketentuan menyertakan
nota hak cipta ini.
Perubahan terakhir:
$Date: 2005/05/05 19:37:12 $ $Author: novalis $